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- Title
Three-dimensional sonographic determination of normal fetal mandibular and maxillary size during the second half of pregnancy.
- Authors
Roelfsema, N. M.; Hop, W. C. J.; Wladimiroff, J. W.
- Abstract
<bold>Objective: </bold>To explore the various ways of obtaining fetal maxillary and mandibular size with three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound, with a view to developing a tool for identifying minor anomalies in the lower facial region. <bold>Methods: </bold>Serial 3D sonographic measurements of the fetal jaws were made in 126 normal singleton pregnancies at 18-34 weeks of gestation for determination of degree of maxillary and mandibular protrusion, maxillary and mandibular corpus lengths, mid- and lower facial depths and maxillary and mandibular curvature. In a sub study the reproducibility of the measurements was evaluated. <bold>Results: </bold>The coefficient of variation in the reproducibility study varied between 7.1 and 10.5%. For all parameters except maxillary and mandibular protrusion, there was a significant gestational age-related increase. Ratios of maxillary/mandibular protrusion, maxillary/mandibular corpus lengths, mid-/lower facial depths and maxillary/mandibular curvature all showed a significant gestational age-related decrease, with the most distinct decrease in the mid-/lower facial depth ratio. <bold>Conclusions: </bold>3D sonographic measurement of the fetal maxilla and mandible demonstrated an acceptable intraobserver variability for all measurements. The mid-/lower facial depth ratio appears to be most valuable in determining abnormal mandibular development.
- Subjects
FETUS; MANDIBLE; MAXILLA; MEDICAL imaging systems; PREGNANCY; GESTATIONAL age
- Publication
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2006, Vol 28, Issue 7, p950
- ISSN
0960-7692
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1002/uog.3866