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- Title
The Overview of Porous, Bioactive Scaffolds as Instructive Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration and Their Clinical Translation.
- Authors
Lutzweiler, Gaëtan; Ndreu Halili, Albana; Engin Vrana, Nihal
- Abstract
Porous scaffolds have been employed for decades in the biomedical field where researchers have been seeking to produce an environment which could approach one of the extracellular matrixes supporting cells in natural tissues. Such three-dimensional systems offer many degrees of freedom to modulate cell activity, ranging from the chemistry of the structure and the architectural properties such as the porosity, the pore, and interconnection size. All these features can be exploited synergistically to tailor the cell–material interactions, and further, the tissue growth within the voids of the scaffold. Herein, an overview of the materials employed to generate porous scaffolds as well as the various techniques that are used to process them is supplied. Furthermore, scaffold parameters which modulate cell behavior are identified under distinct aspects: the architecture of inert scaffolds (i.e., pore and interconnection size, porosity, mechanical properties, etc.) alone on cell functions followed by comparison with bioactive scaffolds to grasp the most relevant features driving tissue regeneration. Finally, in vivo outcomes are highlighted comparing the accordance between in vitro and in vivo results in order to tackle the future translational challenges in tissue repair and regeneration.
- Subjects
TISSUE scaffolds; BIOMATERIALS; DEGREES of freedom; CELL physiology; TISSUES; EXTRACELLULAR matrix; TRANSLATIONS
- Publication
Pharmaceutics, 2020, Vol 12, Issue 7, p602
- ISSN
1999-4923
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/pharmaceutics12070602