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- Title
Characterization of in vitro phase I metabolites of methamnetamine in human liver microsomes by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
- Authors
Hong, Young-ki; Kim, Young-Hoon; Lee, Jin-Moo; Yoo, Hye Hyun; Choi, Sun-Ok; Kang, Mi Sun
- Abstract
N-Methyl-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)propan-2-amine (methamnetamine, PAL-1046) is an amphetamine-based new psychoactive substance (NPS). Methamnetamine has been reported to cause excessive release of serotonin, and it is classified as an empathogen or entactogen. It is not regulated as a controlled substance in most countries, and there are no studies on its metabolism. In this study, in vitro phase I metabolism of methamnetamine in human liver microsomes (HLM) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) was investigated by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS). Eight metabolites of methamnetamine were identified and were structurally characterized achieved by a combination of accurate mass analysis and tandem mass spectrometry. The identified metabolic processes include N-demethylation, N-hydroxylation, aromatic hydroxylation, and a combination of these processes. N-Hydroxylated metabolites were confirmed based on expressed FMOs. The major metabolite was formed from methamnetamine via hydroxylation of the naphthalene ring after the in vitro phase I process. These results could help detect methamnetamine ingestion by NPS abusers.
- Subjects
TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry; LIVER microsomes; TANDEM mass spectrometry; METABOLITES; LIQUIDS; DRUG metabolism
- Publication
International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2021, Vol 135, Issue 4, p1471
- ISSN
0937-9827
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00414-021-02594-z