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- Title
Therapeutic neutralizing monoclonal antibody administration protects against lethal yellow fever virus infection.
- Authors
Ricciardi, Michael J.; Rust, Lauren N.; Pedreño-Lopez, Nuria; Yusova, Sofiya; Biswas, Sreya; Webb, Gabriela M.; Gonzalez-Nieto, Lucas; Voigt, Thomas B.; Louw, Johan J.; Laurino, Fernanda D.; DiBello, John R.; Raué, Hans-Peter; Barber-Axthelm, Aaron M.; Chun, Kimberly; Uttke, Samantha; Raphael, Lidiane M. S.; Yrizarry-Medina, Aaron; Rosen, Brandon C.; Agnor, Rebecca; Gao, Lina
- Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a reemerging global health threat, driven by several factors, including increased spread of the mosquito vector and rapid urbanization. Although a prophylactic vaccine exists, vaccine hesitancy, supply deficits, and distribution difficulties leave specific populations at risk of severe YFV disease, as evidenced by recent outbreaks in South America. To establish a treatment for patients with severe YFV infection, we tested 37 YFV-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from vaccinated humans and identified two capable of potently neutralizing multiple pathogenic primary YFV isolates. Using both hamster and nonhuman primate models of lethal YFV infection, we demonstrate that a single administration of either of these two potently neutralizing antibodies during acute infection fully controlled viremia and prevented severe disease and death in treated animals. Given the potential severity of YFV-induced disease, our results show that these antibodies could be effective in saving lives and fill a much-needed void in managing YFV cases during outbreaks. A yellow fever virus treatment: Yellow fever virus (YFV) is once again becoming a threat to global health because of changes in the environment. A live attenuated vaccine (YFV-17D) has been used for decades, but immunization coverage diminished in recent years because of concerns about adverse reactions, which has left many unvaccinated people in endemic areas vulnerable to infection. Ricciardi et al. characterized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that can neutralize YFV and prevent severe disease in animal models. They screened 37 YFV-specific mAbs isolated from vaccinated humans, of which two showed potent neutralization activity against a range of YFV isolates. Administration of a single dose of either mAb to YFV-infected hamsters or nonhuman primates protected against severe disease and death. These findings suggest that YFV mAbs may be a potential therapeutic treatment that could improve outcomes during outbreaks. —CNF
- Subjects
SOUTH America; YELLOW fever; PHYTOPLASMAS; MONOCLONAL antibodies; VIRUS diseases; VACCINATION coverage; MOSQUITO control
- Publication
Science Translational Medicine, 2023, Vol 15, Issue 689, p1
- ISSN
1946-6234
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1126/scitranslmed.ade5795