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- Title
Retinal manifestations of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections among hospital patients in The Gambia, west Africa.
- Authors
Jaffar, Shabbar; Ariyoshi, Koya; Frith, Peggy; Okouchi, Yuka; Sabally, Sehu; Ajewole, Tunde; Bailey, Robin; Lee, Pak; Corrah, Tumani; Johnson, Gordon; Faal, Hannah; Whittle, Hilton; Jaffar, S; Ariyoshi, K; Frith, P; Okouchi, Y; Sabally, S; Ajewole, T; Bailey, R; Lee, P S
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>In developed countries, 50-75% of AIDS patients develop retinal complications and about 20-40% acquire cytomegalavirus (CMV) retinitis. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to determine prevalence of these in The Gambia where both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection are present and the prevalence of HIV-1 is rising.<bold>Method: </bold>All patients attending hospital whose percentage CD4+ cells (CD4%) was below 14, the level associated typically with an AIDS diagnosis, and one half of those whose CD4% was 14 or above were asked to join the study. Fifty-six HIV-1, 52 HIV-2 and 12 dually infected patients were recruited. Photographs of the fundi were taken and interpreted independently. The findings were related to the patients' percentage CD4+ cells.<bold>Results: </bold>The CD4% was < 14 in 40 patients and < 7 in 17 patients. Thirty-six patients were male. No cases of CMV retinitis were found. Four patients whose CD4% were 4, 5, 11 and 23 had cotton wool spots ranging in number from 1 to 14 for any one patient. The prevalence of cotton wool spots was 8% (95% CI, 0-16%) among patients with CD4% below 14 and 12% (95% CI, 0-27) among patients with CD4% below 7. One of the 4 patients had associated microaneurysm and blot haemorrhages typical of more advanced HIV microvasculopathy.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>CMV retinitis is less common in The Gambia than in developed countries. Non-infectious retinopathy may also be less common.
- Subjects
GAMBIA; HIV infections; OCULAR manifestations of general diseases
- Publication
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 1999, Vol 4, Issue 7, p487
- ISSN
1360-2276
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00425.x