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- Title
Prenatal Phenol and Phthalate Exposures and Birth Outcomes.
- Authors
Wolff, Mary S.; Engel, Stephanie M.; Berkowitz, Gertrud S.; Xiaoyun Ye; Silva, Manori J.; Zhu, Chenbo; Wetmur, James; Calafat, Antonia M.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Many phthalates and phenols are hormonally active and are suspected to alter the course of development. OBJECTIVE: We investigated prenatal exposures to phthalate and phenol metabolites and their associations with body size measures of the infants at birth. METHODS: We measured 5 phenol and 10 phthalate urinary metabolites in a multiethnic cohort of 404 women in New York City during their third trimester of pregnancy and recorded size of infants at birth. RESULTS: Median urinary concentrations were > 10 µg/L for 2 of 5 phenols and 6 of 10 phthalate monoester metabolites. Concentrations of low-molecular-weight phthalate monoesters (low-MWP) were approximately 5-fold greater than those of high-molecular-weight metabolites. Low-MWP metabolites had a positive association with gestational age [0.97 day gestational age per ln-biomarker; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07--1.9 days, multivariate adjusted] and with head circumference. Higher prenatal exposures to 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) predicted lower birth weight in boys (--210 g average birth weight difference between the third tertile and first tertile of 2,5-DCP; 95% CI, 71--348 g). Higher maternal benzophenone-3 (BP3) concentrations were associated with a similar decrease in birth weight among girls but with greater birth weight in boys. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a range of phthalate and phenol exposures during pregnancy in our population, but few were associated with birth size. The association of 2,5-DCP and BP3 with reduced or increased birth weight could be important in very early or small-size births. In addition, positive associations of urinary metabolites with some outcomes may be attributable partly to unresolved confounding with maternal anthropometric factors.
- Subjects
PHTHALATE esters; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of phenols; CHILD development; BODY size; INFANT development; INFANT physiology; METABOLITES; GESTATIONAL age; LOW birth weight
- Publication
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2008, Vol 116, Issue 8, p1092
- ISSN
0091-6765
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1289/ehp.11007