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- Title
Ukgansan Protects Dopaminergic Neurons against MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity via the Nurr1 Signaling Pathway.
- Authors
Chae, In-Cheol; Jang, Jung-Hee; Seol, In-Chan; Kim, Yoon-Sik; Park, Gunhyuk; Yoo, Ho-Ryong
- Abstract
Nuclear receptor-related 1 protein (Nurr1) is a nuclear hormone receptor that protects dopaminergic neurons and is a promising therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and the long-term use of conventional dopamine replacement therapies causes many side effects, highlighting the need for new treatments such as complementary and alternative medicine. Ukgansan has been used in East Asia to treat neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, and has been reported to have strong effects in treating patients with PD. In addition, recent studies have reported that Ukgansan has a neuroprotective potential. However, there are no detailed studies on the mechanism of action of Nurr1. Thus, unlike previous studies, we focused on the Nurr1 pathways. We confirmed neurotoxicity and apoptosis signaling in the differentiated PC12 cells. In addition, to confirm the protective effect of Ukgansan, we conducted behavioral tests (motor coordination and postural balance, and bradykinesia) and tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry in both the SNpc and striatum. Specifically, this study demonstrated the effect of Ukgansan in protecting dopaminergic neurons and increasing Nurr1 involved in maintaining dopamine levels by activating Nurr1 expression in MPTP-induced PC12 cells and a mouse model of PD. In this mechanism, the loss of dopaminergic neurons and dopamine depletion were suppressed, and motor impairment caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity was improved. These results provide evidence that Ukgansan ameliorates PD's motor symptoms and progression.
- Subjects
NEUROTOXICOLOGY; BIOLOGICAL models; ANIMAL behavior; DISEASE progression; NEURONS; SYNDROMES; HERBAL medicine; HETEROCYCLIC compounds; ANIMAL experimentation; POSTURAL balance; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MILD cognitive impairment; APOPTOSIS; CELLULAR signal transduction; DOPAMINE; TREATMENT effectiveness; POSTURE; TYROSINE; CELL lines; CHINESE medicine; MICE; MOTOR ability; HYPOKINESIA
- Publication
Evidence-based Complementary & Alternative Medicine (eCAM), 2022, p1
- ISSN
1741-427X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1155/2022/7393557