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- Title
In-Situ ESEM and EELS Observation of Water Uptake and Ice Formation in Multilayer Graphene Oxide.
- Authors
Daio, Takeshi; Bayer, Thomas; Ikuta, Tatsuya; Nishiyama, Takashi; Takahashi, Koji; Takata, Yasuyuki; Sasaki, Kazunari; Matthew Lyth, Stephen
- Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is hydrophilic and swells significantly when in contact with water. Here, we investigate the change in thickness of multilayer graphene oxide membranes due to intercalation of water, via humidity-controlled observation in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The thickness increases reproducibly with increasing relative humidity. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) reveals the existence of water ice under cryogenic conditions, even in high vacuum environment. Additionally, we demonstrate that freezing then thawing water trapped in the multilayer graphene oxide membrane leads to the opening up of micron-scale inter-lamellar voids due to the expansion of ice crystals.
- Subjects
GRAPHENE oxide; ICE crystals; REFRIGERANTS; WATER supply; GRAPHITE oxide
- Publication
Scientific Reports, 2015, p11807
- ISSN
2045-2322
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/srep11807