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- Title
The Effects of Adipocytes on the Regulation of Breast Cancer in the Tumor Microenvironment: An Update.
- Authors
Chu, Dinh-Toi; Nguyen Thi Phuong, Thuy; Tien, Nguyen Le Bao; Tran, Dang-Khoa; Nguyen, Tran-Thuy; Thanh, Vo Van; Luu Quang, Thuy; Minh, Le Bui; Pham, Van Huy; Ngoc, Vo Truong Nhu; Kushekhar, Kushi; Chu-Dinh, Thien
- Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic and it is well evident that obesity is associated with the development of many disorders including many cancer types. Breast cancer is one of that associated with a high mortality rate. Adipocytes, a major cellular component in adipose tissue, are dysfunctional during obesity and also known to promote breast cancer development both in vitro and in vivo. Dysfunctional adipocytes can release metabolic substrates, adipokines, and cytokines, which promote proliferation, progression, invasion, and migration of breast cancer cells. The secretion of adipocytes can alter gene expression profile, induce inflammation and hypoxia, as well as inhibit apoptosis. It is known that excessive free fatty acids, cholesterol, triglycerides, hormones, leptin, interleukins, and chemokines upregulate breast cancer development. Interestingly, adiponectin is the only adipokine that has anti-tumor properties. Moreover, adipocytes are also related to chemotherapeutic resistance, resulting in the poorer outcome of treatment and advanced stages in breast cancer. Evaluation of the adipocyte secretion levels in the circulation can be useful for prognosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of cancer therapy in the patients. Therefore, understanding about functions of adipocytes as well as obesity in breast cancer may reveal novel targets that support the development of new anti-tumor therapy. In this systemic review, we summarize and update the effects of secreted factors by adipocytes on the regulation of breast cancer in the tumor microenvironment.
- Subjects
ADIPOKINES; BREAST tumors; TUMOR microenvironment; BREAST cancer; FAT cells; FREE fatty acids
- Publication
Cells (2073-4409), 2019, Vol 8, Issue 8, p857
- ISSN
2073-4409
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cells8080857