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- Title
Biogeography of Plagiochila (Hepaticae): natural species groups span several floristic kingdoms.
- Authors
Groth, Henk; Lindner, Melanie; Wilson, Rosemary; Hartmann, Florian A.; Schmull, Michaela; Rob Gradstein, S.; Heinrichs, Jochen
- Abstract
Aim This paper presents a synthesis of our recent results regarding the biogeography of Plagiochila using a molecular approach, and documents intercontinental ranges within this largest genus of the hepatics. Methods A maximum likelihood analysis of sixty-one nrITS sequences of Plagiochila was performed and the molecular topology obtained was compared with morphological, phytochemical and geographical data. Results Our molecular data set allowed the identification of eleven Plagiochila sections, the majority of which cover at least two floristic kingdoms. Seven sections have species in Europe (sect. Arrectae, Carringtoniae, Fuscoluteae, Glaucescentes, Plagiochila, Rutilantes, Vagae). Plagiochila species from Atlantic Europe are usually close to or con-specific with neotropical taxa, whereas species widespread in Europe are closely related to Asian ones and not to those in the Neotropics. Plagiochila sect. Arrectae represents a neotropical - Atlantic European clade. The section is not closely related - as has often been suggested - to the morphologically similar sect. Zonatae from Asia and western North America. Sequence data show that the African P. integerrima and the neotropical P. subplana are members of the Asian sect. Cucullatae (sect. Ciliatae, syn. nov.), which becomes pantropical in distribution. An ITS sequence of P. boryana from Uganda confirms the Afro-American range of the primarily neotropical sect. Hylacoetes. Similarities in sporophyte morphology between the sect. Cucullatae and sect. Hylacoetes are the result of parallel evolution. Main conclusions Our results indicate that intercontinental ranges at section and species level are common in Plagiochila. Carl's (1931) subdivision of Plagiochila into sections restricted to one floristic kingdom is outdated. Biogeographical patterns in Plagiochila are not dissimilar to those of other groups of bryophytes but elucidation of the geographical ranges of the taxa requires a molecular approach. Contrary...
- Subjects
PLAGIOCHILA; PLAGIOCHILACEAE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PHYLOGENY
- Publication
Journal of Biogeography, 2003, Vol 30, Issue 7, p965
- ISSN
0305-0270
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00916.x