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- Title
Efficacy of varenicline, an alpha4ß2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, vs placebo or sustained-release bupropion for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial [corrected] [published erratum appears in JAMA 2006 Sep 20;296(11):1355].
- Authors
Jorenby DE; Hays JT; Rigotti NA; Azoulay S; Watsky EJ; Williams KE; Billing CB; Gong J; Reeves KR; Varenicline Phase 3 Study Group; Jorenby, Douglas E; Hays, J Taylor; Rigotti, Nancy A; Azoulay, Salomon; Watsky, Eric J; Williams, Kathryn E; Billing, Clare B; Gong, Jason; Reeves, Karen R
- Abstract
<bold>Context: </bold>Varenicline, a partial agonist at the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, has the potential to aid smoking cessation by relieving nicotine withdrawal symptoms and reducing the rewarding properties of nicotine.<bold>Objective: </bold>To determine the efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation compared with placebo or sustained-release bupropion (bupropion SR).<bold>Design, Setting, and Participants: </bold>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between June 2003 and March 2005 at 14 research centers with a 12-week treatment period and follow-up of smoking status to week 52. Of 1413 adult smokers who volunteered for the study, 1027 were enrolled; 65% of randomized participants completed the study.<bold>Intervention: </bold>Varenicline titrated to 1 mg twice daily (n = 344) or bupropion SR titrated to 150 mg twice daily (n = 342) or placebo (n = 341) for 12 weeks, plus weekly brief smoking cessation counseling.<bold>Main Outcome Measures: </bold>Continuous abstinence from smoking during the last 4 weeks of treatment (weeks 9-12; primary end point) and through the follow-up period (weeks 9-24 and 9-52).<bold>Results: </bold>During the last 4 weeks of treatment (weeks 9-12), 43.9% of participants in the varenicline group were continuously abstinent from smoking compared with 17.6% in the placebo group (odds ratio [OR], 3.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.69-5.50; P<.001) and 29.8% in the bupropion SR group (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.38-2.62; P<.001). For weeks 9 through 24, 29.7% of participants in the varenicline group were continuously abstinent compared with 13.2% in the placebo group (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.91-4.19; P<.001) and 20.2% in the bupropion group (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.19-2.42; P = .003). For weeks 9 through 52, 23% of participants in the varenicline group were continuously abstinent compared with 10.3% in the placebo group (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.72-4.11; P<.001) and 14.6% in the bupropion SR group (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.19-2.63; P = .004). Treatment was discontinued due to adverse events by 10.5% of participants in the varenicline group, 12.6% in the bupropion SR group, and 7.3% in the placebo group. The most common adverse event with varenicline was nausea, which occurred in 101 participants (29.4%).<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Varenicline is an efficacious, safe, and well-tolerated smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. Varenicline's short-term and long-term efficacy exceeded that of both placebo and bupropion SR.<bold>Trial Registration: </bold>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00143364.
- Publication
JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 2006, Vol 296, Issue 1, p56
- ISSN
0098-7484
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1001/jama.296.1.56