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- Title
Risk assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology petroleum crude oil standard water accommodated fraction: Further application of a copepod-based, full life-cycle bioassay.
- Authors
Bejarano, Adriana C.; Chandler, G. Thomas; Lijian He; Cary, Tawnya L.; Ferry, John L
- Abstract
The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) petroleum crude oil was used to generate NIST water-accommodated hydrocarbon fractions (WAFs) for standardized assessment of crude oil effects on the copepod Amphiascus tenuiremis. Effects were assessed using a 96-well microplate, full life-cycle test. Briefly, nauplii (age, 24 h) were reared individually to adults (n ≥ 120 nauplii/treatment) in microplate wells containing 200 μl of treatment solution (seawater control [0%] or 10, 30, 50, or 100% NIST-WAF). Nauplii were monitored through development to adulthood, and mature virgin male:female pairs mated in wells containing original treatments (<30 d). A second bioassay using 0, 10, 30, and 50% WAFs (n ≥ 60 nauplii/treatment) was conducted to assess the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on naupliar endpoints (<16 d). In the first experiment, nauplius-to-copepodite survival in exposures to 100% WAF was 27% ± 6% lower than in controls (92% ± 1%), but copepodite-to-adult survival was greater than 90% across all treatments. Analysis of development curves showed that nauplii in the 10% WAF developed into copepodites 25% faster, whereas nauplii in the 50 and 100% WAFs developed 17% slower, than controls. Copepodite development into male and female copepods was significantly delayed (2 and 4 d, respectively) in the 100% WAF compared to controls. Although none of the WAF exposures had significant effects on fertilization success or total viable production (p > 0.05), embryo hatching in the 100% WAF was significantly less (70.0% ± 21.2%) than that in controls (87.0% ± 19.4%). Results from the UV bioassay showed that relatively short exposures (<14 d) to 30 and 50% WAFs in the presence of UV light caused negative effects on copepod survival and development. Naupliar-stage survival and developmental endpoints were the most sensitive indicators of exposure to the NIST crude oil WAF.
- Subjects
UNITED States; PETROLEUM &; the environment; COPEPODA; ENVIRONMENTAL risk assessment; BIOLOGICAL assay; LIFE cycles (Biology); TOXICITY testing; NATIONAL Institute of Standards &; Technology (U.S.)
- Publication
Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 2006, Vol 25, Issue 7, p1953
- ISSN
0730-7268
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1897/05-365R.1