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- Title
Heat stress facilitates the regeneration of injured skeletal muscle in rats.
- Authors
Tatsuo Akema; Hiroto Fujiya; Takao Sugiura; Yoshinobu Ohira; Moroe Beppu; Haruhito Aoki
- Abstract
Abstract Background  Skeletal muscle stem cells, so-called muscle satellite cells, are responsible for the repair and the regeneration of adult skeletal muscle tissues. Heat stress can facilitate the proliferation and the differentiation of myoblasts in vitro and can enhance their proliferative potential, which may stimulate the regrowth of atrophied skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heat stress on the regeneration of skeletal muscle injury induced by cardiotoxin. Methods  Male Wistar rats, aged 7 weeks, were randomly divided into six groups: a nonheated control group that received a physiological saline injection, a group heat stressed before physiological saline injection, a group heat stressed after physiological saline injection, a group injected with cardiotoxin without heat stress, a group heat stressed before cardiotoxin injection, and a group heat stressed after cardiotoxin injection (25 in each group). To initiate muscle injury and regeneration, 0.5â??ml of 10â??M cardiotoxin was injected into the left tibialis anterior muscle. Conscious rats in some groups were exposed to environmental heat stress (41C for 60â??min) in a heat chamber 24â??h before or immediately after cardiotoxin or physiological saline injection. The heating protocol in the present study causes an increase in the colonic temperature to 41C. The left tibialis anterior muscles were dissected 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after injection of cardiotoxin or physiological saline. Results  The wet weight and water content of muscles increased 1 day after cardiotoxin injection regardless of the application of heat stress, but normalized after 7â??14 days. The muscle protein content in control rats had increased 7 days after heat stress. Although the muscle protein content decreased on cardiotoxin injection, heat stress caused a significant recovery in protein level. Expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and the number of Pax7-positive nuclei decreased after cardiotoxin injection but increased on the application of heat stress in both normal control and cardiotoxin-injected groups. Conclusions  Heat stress stimulated not only the proliferation of satellite cells but also protein synthesis during the regeneration of injured skeletal muscle. It is thus strongly suggested that the heating of injured skeletal muscle may facilitate recovery. There was no direct relationship between the level of HSP72 expression and muscle protein content, suggesting that HSP72 expression may not be the key signal for protein synthesis in the necrosisâ??regeneration process.
- Subjects
STEM cells; SATELLITE cells; MYOBLASTS; MUSCULOSKELETAL system injuries; REGENERATION (Biology); WOUND healing; BONE regeneration
- Publication
Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 2007, Vol 12, Issue 1, p74
- ISSN
0949-2658
- Publication type
Article