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- Title
Burden of Tobacco in Pakistan: Findings From Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2014.
- Authors
Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem; Rafique, Ibrar; Qureshi, Huma; Munir, Muhammad Arif; Bashir, Rizwan; Arif, Babur Wasim; Bhatti, Khalid; Ahmed, Shahzad Alam Khan; Bhatti, Lubna
- Abstract
<bold>Introduction: </bold>The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) is the global standard for systematically monitoring adult tobacco use and tracking key tobacco control indicators.<bold>Methods: </bold>Using a multistage stratified cluster design, 9856 households were sampled, and one individual was randomly selected from each household. Standard GATS questionnaire was used to collect information on tobacco use, cessation, second-hand smoke, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions. Data were analyzed per standard GATS protocol.<bold>Results: </bold>Of 9856 individuals, 7831 individuals completed the interview. The response rate was 81%. Overall, 19.1% adults were currently using tobacco products and among them, 12.4% smoked tobacco, and 7.7% smokeless tobacco. Exposure to second-hand smoke was seen in 86% in a restaurant while it was 76% on public transportation. A total of 24.7% smokers made a quit attempt in the past 12 months. Anticigarette smoking information was observed by 37.7% adults, while 29.7% current smokers thought about quitting after reading health warning labels on cigarette packages. Most (85%) adults favored no smoking in public places, and 74.8% favored increasing taxes on tobacco products. Current cigarette smokers spent Pakistani Rupees 767.3 per month (7.78 USD) on manufactured cigarettes and consumed 4500 cigarette sticks (225 packs) annually.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Besides 19.1% tobacco users, the majority (86%) were exposed to second-hand smoke at public places indicating that ban on tobacco use in public places is not being followed. A quarter of current smokers wants to quit smoking who may be provided assistance to reduce tobacco burden.<bold>Implications: </bold>This study provides national-level data about tobacco use and its burden and also indicates weak implantation of tobacco control laws. There is need to devise a strategy for proper implementation of these laws to reduce the tobacco burden in the country.
- Subjects
PAKISTAN; TOBACCO use; PASSIVE smoking; SMOKING cessation; CIGARETTE smoke
- Publication
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2018, Vol 20, Issue 9, p1138
- ISSN
1462-2203
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntx179