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- Title
Photobiomodulation and visual stimulation against cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease pathology: A systematic review.
- Authors
Monteiro, Francisca; Carvalho, Óscar; Sousa, Nuno; Silva, Filipe S.; Sotiropoulos, Ioannis
- Abstract
Introduction: Given the ineffectiveness of the available drug treatment against Alzheimer disease (AD), light-based therapeutic modalities have been increasingly receiving attentionwith photobiomodulation (PBM) and, more recently, visual stimulation (VS) being among the most promising approaches. However, the PBMand VS light parameters tested so far, as well as their outcomes, vary a lot with conflicting results being reported. Methods: Based on Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases search, this systematic review summarizes, compares, and discusses 43 cell, animal, and human studies of PBM and VS related to cognitive decline and AD pathology. Results: Preclinical work suggests that PBM with 640±30-nm light and VS at 40 Hz attenuates Aß and Tau pathology and improves neuronal and synaptic plasticity with most studies pointing towards enhancement of degradation/clearance mechanisms in the brain of AD animal models. Despite the gap of the translational evidence for both modalities, the few human studies performed so far support the use of PBM at 810-870 nm light pulsing at 40 Hz for improving brain network connectivity and memory in older subjects and AD patients, while 40 Hz VS in humans seems to improve cognition; further clinical investigation is urgently required to clarify the beneficial impact of PBM and VS in AD patients. Discussion: This review highlights PBM and VS as promising light-based therapeutic approaches against AD brain neuropathology and related cognitive decline, clarifying the most effective light parameters for further preclinical and clinical testing and use.
- Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease; PATHOLOGY; COGNITION disorders; PHOTOBIOMODULATION therapy; SCIENCE databases
- Publication
Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions, 2022, Vol 8, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2352-8737
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/trc2.12249