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- Title
The impact of a pulsing groundwater table on greenhouse gas emissions in riparian grey alder stands.
- Authors
Mander, Ülo; Maddison, Martin; Soosaar, Kaido; Teemusk, Alar; Kanal, Arno; Uri, Veiko; Truu, Jaak
- Abstract
Floods control greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in floodplains; however, there is a lack of data on the impact of short-term events on emissions. We studied the short-term effect of changing groundwater (GW) depth on the emission of (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH), and nitrous oxide (NO) in two riparian grey alder ( Alnus incana) stands of different age in Kambja, southern Estonia, using the opaque static chamber (five replicates in each site) and gas chromatography methods. The average carbon and total nitrogen content in the soil of the old alder (OA) stand was significantly higher than in the young alder (YA) stand. In both stands, one part was chosen for water table manipulation (Manip) and another remained unchanged with a stable and deeper GW table. Groundwater table manipulation (flooding) significantly increases CH emission (average: YA-Dry 468, YA-Manip 8,374, OA-Dry 468, OA-Manip 4,187 μg C m h) and decreases both CO (average: OA-Dry 138, OA-Manip 80 mg C m h) and NO emissions (average: OA-Dry 23.1, OA-Manip 11.8 μg N m h) in OA sites. There was no significant difference in CO and CH emissions between the OA and YA sites, whereas in OA sites with higher N concentration in the soil, the NO emission was significantly higher than at the YA sites. The relative CO and CH emissions (the soil C stock-related share of gaseous losses) were higher in manipulated plots showing the highest values in the YA-Manip plot (0.03 and 0.0030 % C day, respectively). The soil N stock-related NO emission was very low achieving 0.000019 % N day in the OA-Dry plot. Methane emission shows a negative correlation with GW, whereas the 20 cm depth is a significant limit below which most of the produced CH is oxidized. In terms of CO and NO, the deeper GW table significantly increases emission. In riparian zones of headwater streams, the short-term floods (e.g. those driven by extreme climate events) may significantly enhance methane emission whereas the long-term lowering of the groundwater table is a more important initiator of NO fluxes from riparian gley soils than flood pulses.
- Subjects
EMISSIONS (Air pollution); GREENHOUSE gases; FLOODS; GROUNDWATER; CARBON dioxide; NITROUS oxide
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2015, Vol 22, Issue 4, p2360
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-014-3427-1