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- Title
Integrated Analysis of COX-2 and iNOS Derived Inflammatory Mediators in LPS-Stimulated RAW Macrophages Pre-Exposed to <i>Echium plantagineum</i> L. Bee Pollen Extract.
- Authors
Moita, Eduarda; Gil-Izquierdo, Angel; Sousa, Carla; Ferreres, Federico; Silva, Luís R.; Valentão, Patrícia; Domínguez-Perles, Raúl; Baenas, Nieves; Andrade, Paula B.
- Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in disease development. This study intended to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Echium plantagineum L. bee pollen to support its claimed health beneficial effects. The hydromethanol extract efficiently scavenged nitric oxide (•NO) although against superoxide (O2•−) it behaved as antioxidant at lower concentrations and as pro-oxidant at higher concentrations. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated in LPS-stimulated macrophages. The levels of •NO and L-citrulline decreased for all extract concentrations tested, while the levels of prostaglandins, their metabolites and isoprostanes, evaluated by UPLC-MS, decreased with low extract concentrations. So, E. plantagineum bee pollen extract can exert anti-inflammatory activity by reducing •NO and prostaglandins. The extract is able to scavenge the reactive species •NO and O2•− and reduce markers of oxidative stress in cells at low concentrations.
- Subjects
CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; INFLAMMATORY mediators; OXIDATIVE stress; MACROPHAGES; ANTI-inflammatory agents; PROSTAGLANDINS; BEE pollen; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of nitric oxide; ECHIUM plantagineum; PLANT extracts
- Publication
PLoS ONE, 2013, Vol 8, Issue 3, p1
- ISSN
1932-6203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0059131