We found a match
Your institution may have rights to this item. Sign in to continue.
- Title
The contribution of tumor necrosis factor to multiple sclerosis: a possible role in progression independent of relapse?
- Authors
Mazziotti, Valentina; Crescenzo, Francesco; Turano, Ermanna; Guandalini, Maddalena; Bertolazzo, Maddalena; Ziccardi, Stefano; Virla, Federica; Camera, Valentina; Marastoni, Damiano; Tamanti, Agnese; Calabrese, Massimiliano
- Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulating many physiological and pathological immune-mediated processes. Specifically, it has been recognized as an essential pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis and progression. MS is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system, characterized by multifocal acute and chronic inflammatory demyelination in white and grey matter, along with neuroaxonal loss. A recent concept in the field of MS research is disability resulting from Progression Independent of Relapse Activity (PIRA). PIRA recognizes that disability accumulation since the early phase of the disease can occur independently of relapse activity overcoming the traditional dualistic view of MS as either a relapsing-inflammatory or a progressive-neurodegenerative disease. Several studies have demonstrated an upregulation in TNF expression in both acute and chronic active MS brain lesions. Additionally, elevated TNF levels have been observed in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients. TNF appears to play a significant role in maintaining chronic intrathecal inflammation, promoting axonal damage neurodegeneration, and consequently contributing to disease progression and disability accumulation. In summary, this review highlights the current understanding of TNF and its receptors in MS progression, specifically focusing on the relatively unexplored PIRA condition. Further research in this area holds promise for potential therapeutic interventions targeting TNF to mitigate disability in MS patients.
- Subjects
TUMOR necrosis factors; CENTRAL nervous system diseases; TUMOR necrosis factor receptors; BRAIN damage; CEREBROSPINAL fluid
- Publication
Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2024, Vol 21, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1742-2094
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12974-024-03193-6