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- Title
In Vivo Role of Two-Component Regulatory Systems in Models of Urinary Tract Infections.
- Authors
De Gaetano, Giuseppe Valerio; Lentini, Germana; Famà, Agata; Coppolino, Francesco; Beninati, Concetta
- Abstract
Two-component signaling systems (TCSs) are finely regulated mechanisms by which bacteria adapt to environmental conditions by modifying the expression of target genes. In bacterial pathogenesis, TCSs play important roles in modulating adhesion to mucosal surfaces, resistance to antibiotics, and metabolic adaptation. In the context of urinary tract infections (UTI), one of the most common types infections causing significant health problems worldwide, uropathogens use TCSs for adaptation, survival, and establishment of pathogenicity. For example, uropathogens can exploit TCSs to survive inside bladder epithelial cells, sense osmolar variations in urine, promote their ascension along the urinary tract or even produce lytic enzymes resulting in exfoliation of the urothelium. Despite the usefulness of studying the function of TCSs in in vitro experimental models, it is of primary necessity to study bacterial gene regulation also in the context of host niches, each displaying its own biological, chemical, and physical features. In light of this, the aim of this review is to provide a concise description of several bacterial TCSs, whose activity has been described in mouse models of UTI.
- Subjects
URINARY tract infections; LYSINS; URINARY organs; GENETIC regulation; BACTERIAL genes; LABORATORY mice
- Publication
Pathogens, 2023, Vol 12, Issue 1, p119
- ISSN
2076-0817
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/pathogens12010119