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- Title
E-Cigarette Use Causes a Unique Innate Immune Response in the Lung, Involving Increased Neutrophilic Activation and Altered Mucin Secretion.
- Authors
Reidel, Boris; Radicioni, Giorgia; Clapp, Phillip W.; Ford, Amina A.; Abdelwahab, Sabri; Rebuli, Meghan E.; Haridass, Prashamsha; Alexis, Neil E.; Jaspers, Ilona; Kesimer, Mehmet
- Abstract
<bold>Rationale: </bold>E-cigarettes have become increasingly popular and little is known about their potential adverse health effects.<bold>Objectives: </bold>To determine the effects of e-cigarette use on the airways.<bold>Methods: </bold>Induced sputum samples from cigarette smokers, e-cigarette users, and nonsmokers were analyzed by quantitative proteomics, and the total and individual concentrations of mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B were determined by light scattering/refractometry and labeled mass spectrometry, respectively. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation rates were also determined for the same groups.<bold>Measurements and Main Results: </bold>E-cigarette users exhibited significant increases in aldehyde-detoxification and oxidative stress-related proteins associated with cigarette smoke compared with nonsmokers. The levels of innate defense proteins associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-9, were significantly elevated in e-cigarette users as well. E-cigarette users' sputum also uniquely exhibited significant increases in neutrophil granulocyte-related and NET-related proteins, such as myeloperoxidase, azurocidin, and protein-arginine deiminase 4, despite no significant elevation in neutrophil cell counts. Peripheral neutrophils from e-cigarette users showed increased susceptibility to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced NETosis. Finally, a compositional change in the gel-forming building blocks of airway mucus (i.e., an elevated concentration of mucin MUC5AC) was observed in both cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Together, our results indicate that e-cigarette use alters the profile of innate defense proteins in airway secretions, inducing similar and unique changes relative to cigarette smoking. These data challenge the concept that e-cigarettes are a healthier alternative to cigarettes.
- Publication
American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, 2018, Vol 197, Issue 4, p492
- ISSN
1073-449X
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1164/rccm.201708-1590OC