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- Title
Toll-Like Receptors: Are They Taking a Toll on the Heart in Viral Myocarditis?
- Authors
Favere, Kasper; Bosman, Matthias; Klingel, Karin; Heymans, Stephane; Van Linthout, Sophie; Delputte, Peter L.; De Sutter, Johan; Heidbuchel, Hein; Guns, Pieter-Jan
- Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart with viral infections being the most common aetiology. Its complex biology remains poorly understood and its clinical management is one of the most challenging in the field of cardiology. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors, are increasingly known to be implicated in the pathophysiology of viral myocarditis. Their central role in innate and adaptive immune responses, and in the inflammatory reaction that ensues, indeed makes them prime candidates to profoundly affect every stage of the disease process. This review describes the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of viral myocarditis, and scrutinises the role of TLRs in every phase. We conclude with directions for future research in this field.
- Subjects
TOLL-like receptors; MYOCARDITIS; PATHOLOGICAL physiology; PATTERN perception receptors; VIRUS diseases; PATHOGENESIS
- Publication
Viruses (1999-4915), 2021, Vol 13, Issue 6, p1003
- ISSN
1999-4915
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/v13061003