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- Title
HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in Beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection wave.
- Authors
Karim, Farina; Gazy, Inbal; Cele, Sandile; Zungu, Yenzekile; Krause, Robert; Bernstein, Mallory; Khan, Khadija; Ganga, Yashica; Rodel, Hylton; Mthabela, Ntombifuthi; Mazibuko, Matilda; Muema, Daniel; Ramjit, Dirhona; Ndung'u, Thumbi; Hanekom, Willem; Gosnell, Bernadett; Lessells, Richard J.; Wong, Emily B.; de Oliveira, Tulio; Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus S.
- Abstract
There are conflicting reports on the effects of HIV on COVID-19. Here, we analyzed disease severity and immune cell changes during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in 236 participants from South Africa, of which 39% were people living with HIV (PLWH), during the first and second (Beta dominated) infection waves. The second wave had more PLWH requiring supplemental oxygen relative to HIV-negative participants. Higher disease severity was associated with low CD4 T cell counts and higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios (NLR). Yet, CD4 counts recovered and NLR stabilized after SARS-CoV-2 clearance in wave 2 infected PLWH, arguing for an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV infection leading to low CD4 and high NLR. The first infection wave, where severity in HIV negative and PLWH was similar, still showed some HIV modulation of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses. Therefore, HIV infection can synergize with the SARS-CoV-2 variant to change COVID-19 outcomes.
- Subjects
SOUTH Africa; SARS-CoV-2; HIV infections; HIV status; PANCREATIC beta cells; NEUTROPHIL lymphocyte ratio; IMMUNE response
- Publication
eLife, 2021, p1
- ISSN
2050-084X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.7554/eLife.67397