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- Title
Activation of Kainate Receptors Sensitizes Oligodendrocytes to Complement Attack.
- Authors
Alberdi, Elena; Sánchez-Gómez, María Victoria; Torre, Iratxe; Domercq, María; Pérez-Samartín, Alberto; Pérez-Cerda, Fernando; Matute, Carlos
- Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity and complement attack have both been implicated separately in the generation of tissue damage in multiple sclerosis and in its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Here, we investigated whether glutamate receptor activation sensitizes oligodendrocytes to complement attack. We found that a brief incubation with glutamate followed by exposure to complement was lethal to oligodendrocytes in vitro and in freshly isolated optic nerves. Complement toxicity was induced by activation of kainate but not of AMPA receptors and was abolished by removing calcium from the medium during glutamate priming. Dose-response studies showed that sensitization to complement attack is induced by two distinct kainate receptor populations displaying high and low affinities for glutamate. Oligodendrocyte death by complement required the formation of the membrane attack complex, which in turn increased membrane conductance and induced calcium overload and mitochondrial depolarization as well as a rise in the level of reactive oxygen species. Treatment with the antioxidant Trolox and inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, but not of caspases, protected oligodendrocytes against damage induced by complement. These findings indicate that glutamate sensitization of oligodendrocytes to complement attack may contribute to white matter damage in acute and chronic neurological disorders.
- Subjects
MULTIPLE sclerosis; TISSUES; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; OPTIC nerve; TOXICOLOGY; REACTIVE oxygen species
- Publication
Journal of Neuroscience, 2006, Vol 26, Issue 12, p3220
- ISSN
0270-6474
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3780-05.2006