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- Title
Should a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) agonist or antagonist be designed to treat cancer? TLR-4: its expression and effects in the ten most common cancers.
- Authors
Mai, Chun Wai; Kang, Yew Beng; Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao
- Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is well known for its host innate immunity. Despite the fact that TLR-4 activation confers antitumor responses; emerging evidence suggests that TLR-4 is associated with tumor development and progression. It is now clear that overactivation of TLR-4, through various immune mediators, may cause immune response dysfunction, resulting in tumorigenesis. Different cancers could have different extents of TLR-4 involvement during tumorigenesis or tumor progression. In this review, we focus on infection- and inflammation-related TLR-4 activation in noncancer and cancer cells, as well as on the current evidence about the role of TLR-4 in ten of the most common cancers, viz, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and prostate cancer.
- Subjects
TOLL-like receptors; CHEMICAL agonists; CHEMICAL inhibitors; CANCER treatment; NEOPLASTIC cell transformation; HEALTH outcome assessment; ACTIVATION (Chemistry)
- Publication
OncoTargets & Therapy, 2013, Vol 6, p1573
- ISSN
1178-6930
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2147/OTT.S50838