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- Title
Paternal Mitochondrial DNA Leakage in Natural Populations of Large-Scale Loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus.
- Authors
Qi, Zixin; Shi, Jiaoxu; Yu, Yue; Yin, Guangmei; Zhou, Xiaoyun; Yu, Yongyao
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Mitochondrial DNA is generally thought to strictly follow maternal inheritance, meaning that vertebrates have just one type of mitochondrial DNA haplotype. However, a very interesting phenomenon occurs in a fish species, Paramisgurnus dabryanus (P. dabryanus), regarding the presence of two distinct mitochondria in one individual. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that interspecific hybridization may occur between P. dabryanus and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, leading to the transfer of mitochondrial DNA from the father to their offspring. The investigation of natural populations across regions demonstrated that this species commonly possesses two types of mitochondria. Furthermore, qPCR analysis suggested that type I plays a major role. The results of this study help us better understand how animal mitochondrial DNA can differ due to paternal contribution, giving us useful ideas about how mitochondrial genomes evolve and are passed down. Animal mitochondrial DNA is usually considered to comply with strict maternal inheritance, and only one mitochondrial DNA haplotype exists in an individual. However, mitochondrial heteroplasmy, the occurrence of more than one mitochondrial haplotype, has recently been reported in some animals, such as mice, mussels, and birds. This study conducted extensive field surveys to obtain representative samples to investigate the existence of paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in natural fish populations. Evidence of paternal mitochondrial DNA leakage of P. dabryanus was discovered using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods. Two distinct mitochondrial haplotypes (16,569 bp for haplotype I and 16,646 bp for haplotype II) were observed, differing by 18.83% in nucleotide sequence. Phylogenetic analysis suggests divergence between these haplotypes and potential interspecific hybridization with M. anguillicaudatus, leading to paternal leakage. In natural populations of P. dabryanus along the Yangtze River, both haplotypes are present, with Type I being dominant (75% copy number). Expression analysis shows that Type I has higher expression levels of ND3 and ND6 genes compared to Type II, suggesting Type I's primary role. This discovery of a species with two mitochondrial types provides a model for studying paternal leakage heterogeneity and insights into mitochondrial genome evolution and inheritance.
- Subjects
NUCLEOTIDE sequence; CYTOPLASMIC inheritance; HAPLOTYPES; FISH populations; NUCLEOTIDE sequencing
- Publication
Biology (2079-7737), 2024, Vol 13, Issue 8, p604
- ISSN
2079-7737
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/biology13080604