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- Title
Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid Using Formic Acid as a Hydrogen Source over Ni/SiO<sub>2</sub> Catalysts.
- Authors
Varkolu, Mohan; Raju Burri, David; Rao Kamaraju, Seetha Rama; Jonnalagadda, Sreekantha B.; van Zyl, Werner E.
- Abstract
Several Ni/SiO2 catalysts were developed for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid using formic acid as the hydrogen source. The catalysts were prepared by a variety of methods including impregnation, co-precipitation, deposition-precipitation, and citric acid assisted impregnation combustion. The morphological properties were investigated by XRD, N2 sorption, HRTEM, and H2 pulse chemisorption measurements. XRD patterns of the calcined material revealed the presence of NiO particles, while calcination in an inert atmosphere produced Ni particles through in situ reduction of NiO. The reaction proceeded without external H2 flow using formic acid as hydrogen source. The Ni/SiO2 catalyst prepared by the citric acid assisted method and calcined in inert gas flow was the most efficient for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid without external H2 flow. The high catalytic performance was attributed to the high dispersion of cheap and earth-abundant Ni nanoparticles and optimal porosity.
- Subjects
HYDROGENATION; KETONIC acids; HYDROGEN; NICKEL catalysts; SILICA
- Publication
Chemical Engineering & Technology, 2017, Vol 40, Issue 4, p719
- ISSN
0930-7516
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/ceat.201600429