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- Title
Novel Bioactive Nanocomposites Containing Calcium Fluoride and Calcium Phosphate with Antibacterial and Low-Shrinkage-Stress Capabilities to Inhibit Dental Caries.
- Authors
Alhussein, Abdullah; Alsahafi, Rashed; Balhaddad, Abdulrahman A.; Mokeem, Lamia; Schneider, Abraham; Jabra-Rizk, Mary-Ann; Masri, Radi; Hack, Gary D.; Oates, Thomas W.; Sun, Jirun; Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Hockin H. K.
- Abstract
Objectives: Composites are commonly used for tooth restorations, but recurrent caries often lead to restoration failures due to polymerization shrinkage-stress-induced marginal leakage. The aims of this research were to: (1) develop novel low-shrinkage-stress (L.S.S.) nanocomposites containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) with nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF2) or amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) for remineralization; (2) investigate antibacterial and cytocompatibility properties. Methods: Nanocomposites were made by mixing triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether with urethane dimethacrylate containing 3% DMADDM, 20% nCaF2, and 20% NACP. Flexural strength, elastic modulus, antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans biofilms, and cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts and dental pulp stem cells were tested. Results: Nanocomposites with DMADDM and nCaF2 or NACP had flexural strengths matching commercial composite control without bioactivity. The new nanocomposite provided potent antibacterial properties, reducing biofilm CFU by 6 logs, and reducing lactic acid synthesis and metabolic function of biofilms by 90%, compared to controls (p < 0.05). The new nanocomposites produced excellent cell viability matching commercial control (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Bioactive L.S.S. antibacterial nanocomposites with nCaF2 and NACP had excellent bioactivity without compromising mechanical and cytocompatible properties. The new nanocomposites are promising for a wide range of dental restorations by improving marginal integrity by reducing shrinkage stress, defending tooth structures, and minimizing cariogenic biofilms.
- Subjects
CALCIUM fluoride; CALCIUM phosphate; DENTAL caries; NANOCOMPOSITE materials; DENTAL pulp; DENTAL fillings; LACTIC acid; METHACRYLATES
- Publication
Bioengineering (Basel), 2023, Vol 10, Issue 9, p991
- ISSN
2306-5354
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/bioengineering10090991