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- Title
Pecan‐enriched diets increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation in adults at‐risk for cardiovascular disease in a randomised, controlled trial.
- Authors
Guarneiri, Liana L.; Paton, Chad M.; Cooper, Jamie A.
- Abstract
Background: Research indicates that diets enriched with unsaturated fatty acids improve energy metabolism, although studies on tree nuts, which are a rich source of those fats, are limited. The present study aimed to examine the impact of daily pecan consumption for 8 weeks on energy metabolism in adults with hypercholesterolaemia or at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (body mass index ≥ 28 kg m–2). Methods: For this randomised, controlled trial, 56 sedentary adults were randomised into one of three treatments for an 8‐week intervention: two pecan groups and a nut‐free control group (n = 18). The ADD group (n = 16) consumed pecans as part of a free‐living diet, whereas the SUB group (n = 18) substituted the pecans for isocaloric foods from their habitual diet. At baseline and 8 weeks, a high saturated fat meal was consumed along with indirect calorimetry measurements at fasting and for 4 h postprandially to determine changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR), diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) and substrate utilisation (primary outcomes). Forty‐seven participants completed the trial and were included in analyses. Results: In the SUB group, there was an increase in fasting RMR (1607 ± 117 to 1701 ± 114 kcal day–1; p = 0.01) and fasting fat oxidation (0.83 ± 0.08 to 0.99 ± 0.08 g/15 min; p = 0.009) and a decrease in fasting respiratory exchange ratio (0.85 ± 0.01 to 0.83 ± 0.01; p = 0.05) from pre‐ to post‐intervention. In the ADD group, there was an increase in postprandial DIT (p < 0.001). There were no changes within the control group or between groups for any outcome measure. Conclusions: Daily consumption of pecans may increase select measures of energy expenditure and fat oxidation in adults at‐risk for CVD. Key points: Daily consumption of pecans may improve select measures of energy expenditure or fat metabolism.When consuming pecans daily, the presence or absence of dietary substitution instructions may be an important determinant of energy metabolism outcomes.
- Subjects
PECAN; ENERGY metabolism; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors; HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA; BASAL metabolism; RISK assessment; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; PRE-tests &; post-tests; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; STATISTICAL sampling; CONTROL groups; BODY temperature regulation; LIPID peroxidation (Biology); CALORIMETRY; ADULTS
- Publication
Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, 2022, Vol 35, Issue 5, p774
- ISSN
0952-3871
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/jhn.12966