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- Title
Explaining the association between social and lifestyle factors and cognitive functions: a pathway analysis in the Memento cohort.
- Authors
Grasset, Leslie; Proust-Lima, Cécile; Mangin, Jean-François; Habert, Marie-Odile; Dubois, Bruno; Paquet, Claire; Hanon, Olivier; Gabelle, Audrey; Ceccaldi, Mathieu; Annweiler, Cédric; David, Renaud; Jonveaux, Therese; Belin, Catherine; Julian, Adrien; Rouch-Leroyer, Isabelle; Pariente, Jérémie; Locatelli, Maxime; Chupin, Marie; Chêne, Geneviève; Dufouil, Carole
- Abstract
Background: This work aimed to investigate the potential pathways involved in the association between social and lifestyle factors, biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD), and cognition. Methods: The authors studied 2323 participants from the Memento study, a French nationwide clinical cohort. Social and lifestyle factors were education level, current household incomes, physical activity, leisure activities, and social network from which two continuous latent variables were computed: an early to midlife (EML) and a latelife (LL) indicator. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), lumbar puncture, and amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) were used to define three latent variables: neurodegeneration, small vessel disease (SVD), and AD pathology. Cognitive function was defined as the underlying factor of a latent variable with four cognitive tests. Structural equation models were used to evaluate cross-sectional pathways between social and lifestyle factors and cognition. Results: Participants' mean age was 70.9 years old, 62% were women, 28% were apolipoprotein-ε4 carriers, and 59% had a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5. Higher early to midlife social indicator was only directly associated with better cognitive function (direct β = 0.364 (0.322; 0.405), with no indirect pathway through ADRD biomarkers (total β = 0.392 (0.351; 0.429)). In addition to a direct effect on cognition (direct β = 0.076 (0.033; 0.118)), the association between latelife lifestyle indicator and cognition was also mostly mediated by an indirect effect through lower neurodegeneration (indirect β = 0.066 (0.042; 0.090) and direct β = − 0.116 (− 0.153; − 0.079)), but not through AD pathology nor SVD. Conclusions: Early to midlife social factors are directly associated with higher cognitive functions. Latelife lifestyle factors may help preserve cognitive functions through lower neurodegeneration.
- Subjects
COGNITIVE ability; SOCIAL factors; STRUCTURAL equation modeling; MAGNETIC resonance imaging; UNHEALTHY lifestyles; ALZHEIMER'S disease
- Publication
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, 2022, Vol 14, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1758-9193
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s13195-022-01013-8