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- Title
Investigating the Relationship between Vitamin D and Persistent Symptoms Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
- Authors
Townsend, Liam; Dyer, Adam H.; McCluskey, Patrick; O'Brien, Kate; Dowds, Joanne; Laird, Eamon; Bannan, Ciaran; Bourke, Nollaig M.; Ní Cheallaigh, Cliona; Byrne, Declan G.; Kenny, Rose Anne
- Abstract
The emergence of persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as long COVID, is providing a new challenge to healthcare systems. The cardinal features are fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance. Vitamin D is known to have pleotropic effects far beyond bone health and is associated with immune modulation and autoimmunity. We hypothesize that vitamin D levels are associated with persistent symptoms following COVID-19. Herein, we investigate the relationship between vitamin D and fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance, assessed by the Chalder Fatigue Score, six-minute walk test and modified Borg scale. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationships. A total of 149 patients were recruited at a median of 79 days after COVID-19 illness. The median vitamin D level was 62 nmol/L, with n = 36 (24%) having levels 30–49 nmol/L and n = 14 (9%) with levels <30 nmol/L. Fatigue was common, with n = 86 (58%) meeting the case definition. The median Borg score was 3, while the median distance covered for the walk test was 450 m. No relationship between vitamin D and the measures of ongoing ill-health assessed in the study was found following multivariable regression analysis. These results suggest that persistent fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance following COVID-19 are independent of vitamin D.
- Subjects
COVID-19; EXERCISE tolerance; CONVALESCENCE; REGRESSION analysis; VITAMIN D; DIETARY supplements; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; FATIGUE (Physiology); LOGISTIC regression analysis; DATA analysis software
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 7, p2430
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13072430