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- Title
Measurement of Brain Metabolites by <sup>1</sup>H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Authors
Steen, R. Grant; Hamer, Robert M.; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.
- Abstract
A systematic review of the literature identified 64 published English-language papers that used proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure N-acetylaspartate (NAA) concurrently in healthy controls and in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (SZ). A total of 1209 controls and 1256 patients have been evaluated, with 88% of studies carried out at 1.5 T field strength, and 77% of studies focused on patients with chronic SZ. There is consistent evidence that NAA is reduced in a broad range of tissues in the SZ brain. Broad consensus (10 studies) is emerging that NAA levels are reduced 5% in hippocampus and in both cortical gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of the frontal lobe. There is no evidence to support a hypothesis that relative NAA levels are reduced to a different degree in frontal lobe GM and WM, nor is there robust evidence of a difference in NAA levels between patients with first-episode and chronic SZ. Study reliability may be a problem, as most studies appear to be underpowered. With simple assumptions about the inherent difference in NAA levels between patients and controls, it can be calculated that a minimum sample size of approximately 39 patients and 39 controls is required for acceptable statistical power. Only three of 64 studies included enough subjects to have 80% power to detect a 10% NAA reduction in patients, and no studies were adequately powered to detect a 5% NAA reduction with 80% power.Neuropsychopharmacology (2005) 30, 1949–1962. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300850; published online 10 August 2005
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of schizophrenia; PROTON magnetic resonance spectroscopy; SCHIZOPHRENIA; PSYCHOSES; SPECTRUM analysis; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests; NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
- Publication
Neuropsychopharmacology, 2005, Vol 30, Issue 11, p1949
- ISSN
0893-133X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/sj.npp.1300850