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- Title
LAG-3 expression on peripheral blood cells identifies patients with poorer outcomes after immune checkpoint blockade.
- Authors
Shen, Ronglai; Postow, Michael A.; Adamow, Matthew; Arora, Arshi; Hannum, Margaret; Maher, Colleen; Wong, Phillip; Curran, Michael A.; Hollmann, Travis J.; Jia, Liwei; Al-Ahmadie, Hikmat; Keegan, Niamh; Funt, Samuel A.; Iyer, Gopa; Rosenberg, Jonathan E.; Bajorin, Dean F.; Chapman, Paul B.; Shoushtari, Alexander N.; Betof, Allison S.; Momtaz, Parisa
- Abstract
Pinpointing checkpoint response: Immune checkpoint inhibitors can aid the immune system of some to effectively attack tumors, but identifying those patients for whom they will be effective is still a challenge. Arora et al. investigated the abundances of different types of immune cells in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer who had better or worse outcomes after immunotherapy treatment. They found that a LAG-3+CD8+ T cell population correlated with poorer outcome after immune checkpoint blockade treatment in a cohort of patients with melanoma and in an independent cohort treated for urothelial carcinoma, suggesting a potential way to identify patients who will respond to checkpoint inhibitors. Immune checkpoint blocking antibodies are a cornerstone in cancer treatment; however, they benefit only a subset of patients and biomarkers to guide immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment choices are lacking. We designed this study to identify blood-based correlates of clinical outcome in ICB-treated patients. We performed immune profiling of 188 ICB-treated patients with melanoma using multiparametric flow cytometry to characterize immune cells in pretreatment peripheral blood. A supervised statistical learning approach was applied to a discovery cohort to classify phenotypes and determine their association with survival and treatment response. We identified three distinct immune phenotypes (immunotypes), defined in part by the presence of a LAG-3+CD8+ T cell population. Patients with melanoma with a LAG+ immunotype had poorer outcomes after ICB with a median survival of 22.2 months compared to 75.8 months for those with the LAG− immunotype (P = 0.031). An independent cohort of 94 ICB-treated patients with urothelial carcinoma was used for validation where LAG+ immunotype was significantly associated with response (P = 0.007), survival (P < 0.001), and progression-free survival (P = 0.004). Multivariate Cox regression and stratified analyses further showed that the LAG+ immunotype was an independent marker of outcome when compared to known clinical prognostic markers and previously described markers for the clinical activity of ICB, PD-L1, and tumor mutation burden. The pretreatment peripheral blood LAG+ immunotype detects patients who are less likely to benefit from ICB and suggests a strategy for identifying actionable immune targets for further investigation.
- Subjects
IMMUNE checkpoint proteins; PROTEIN expression; TREATMENT effectiveness; BLOOD cells; T cells; PROGNOSIS; SURVIVAL rate
- Publication
Science Translational Medicine, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 608, p1
- ISSN
1946-6234
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1126/scitranslmed.abf5107