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- Title
Hydrochemistry of groundwater in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana.
- Authors
Cobbina, Samuel Jerry; Yakubu, Rufai; Akpabey, Felix Jerry; Duwiejuah, Abudu Ballu; Abuntori, Zita Naangmenyele
- Abstract
This study was on the hydrochemical and human health risk assessment of groundwater within the Tamale Metropolis. Forty samples were collected from ten functional underground water facilities. Physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were analysed using standard methods. Piper diagram showed that majority of samples analysed belonged to the mixed Ca–Mg–Cl hydrochemical facies. Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) for all groundwater samples ranged from 0.4 to 4.3 with a mean of 3.1 ± 0.4, implying that groundwater water in the Metropolis is potable and could also be used for irrigation. Total hardness levels ranged from 28.0 to 418.0 mg/l with majority of samples falling within the moderately hard to hard water category. Hazard quotient of Cd, Cr and Zn ranged from 1.52 to 5.64 indicating an unacceptable non-carcinogenic health risk at all sampling sites. Consequently, Cd, Cr and partly Pb levels showed a potential adverse effect of groundwater consumption for residents in the Tamale Metropolis. The cancer risk calculated for Cd and Pb was less than 1 × 10–6 indicating a low potential for lifetime occurence of cancer.
- Subjects
GHANA; ECOLOGICAL risk assessment; METROPOLIS; GROUNDWATER; TAMALES; HEALTH risk assessment; WATER chemistry
- Publication
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2021, Vol 80, Issue 16, p1
- ISSN
1866-6280
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s12665-021-09882-2