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- Title
Immune Response Kinetics Following a Third Heterologous BNT162b2 Booster Dose After Primary 2-Dose ChAdOx1 Vaccination in Relation to Omicron Breakthrough Infection: A Prospective Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea.
- Authors
Ahn, Jin Young; Ko, Jae-Hoon; Peck, Kyong Ran; Bae, Seongman; Kim, Sung-Han; Lee, Kyoung Hwa; Song, Young Goo; Kim, Yong Chan; Park, Yoon Soo; Song, Kyoung-Ho; Kim, Eu Suk; Jeong, Hye Won; Kim, Shin-Woo; Kwon, Ki Tae; Choi, Won Suk; Choi, Jun Yong
- Abstract
Background Immune responses to each vaccine must be investigated to establish effective vaccination strategies for the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We investigated the long-term kinetics of immune responses after heterologous booster vaccination in relation to Omicron breakthrough infection (BI). Methods Our study included 373 healthcare workers who received primary ChAdOx1 vaccine doses and a third BNT162b2 vaccine dose. BIs that occurred after the third vaccine were investigated. Blood specimens were collected before and 3 months after the booster dose from participants without BI and 1, 4, and 6 months after BI from participants who experienced BI. Spike-specific binding and neutralizing antibody levels against the wild-type virus, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.5, as well as cellular responses, were analyzed. Results A total of 346 participants (82 in the no BI group; 192 in the BI group during the BA.1/BA.2 period; 72 in the BI group during the BA.5 period) were included in the analysis. Participants without BI exhibited the highest binding and neutralizing antibody concentrations and greatest cellular response 1 month after the third vaccination, which reached a nadir by the ninth month. Antibody and cellular responses in participants who experienced BI substantially increased postinfection. Neutralizing antibody titers in individuals who experienced BI during the BA.1/BA.2 period showed more robust increase against wild-type virus than against BA.1 and BA.5. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence of antigenic imprinting in participants who received a heterologous booster vaccination, thereby serving as a foundation for further studies on the impact of BIs on immune responses.
- Subjects
SOUTH Korea; BREAKTHROUGH infections; BOOSTER vaccines; SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant; MEDICAL personnel; IMMUNE response
- Publication
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2023, Vol 10, Issue 7, p1
- ISSN
2328-8957
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/ofid/ofad363