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- Title
Zinc biofortification strategies for wheat grown on calcareous Vertisols in southern Spain: application method and rate.
- Authors
Sánchez-Rodríguez, Antonio Rafael; Marín-Paredes, María; González-Guzmán, Adrián; Méndez, José María; Sánchez-Parra, Mónica; Sacristán, Daniel; Fuentes-García, Mariano; Barrón, Vidal; Torrent, José; del Campillo, María Carmen
- Abstract
Purpose: The aims of this work were (i) to find a soil indicator to predict durum wheat yield response to Zn fertilization, (ii) to compare the effect of various Zn fertilization strategies on wheat yield and Zn biofortification in calcareous Vertisols of southern Spain, and (iii) to assess the effect of these Zn fertilization strategies on crop P uptake (durum and bread wheat). Methods: Different Zn fertilization strategies, soil application (0.3–10 kg ha−1) and foliar spraying (two rates, different growth stages), were tested in wheat crops under field conditions in the period 2012–2019. Results: A simple soil indicator failed to predict durum wheat response to Zn fertilization. Only one of the combinations tested increased wheat yield in the 11 field experiments carried out. Zinc foliar spraying (1.28 kg ha−1) was effective for wheat biofortification when applied at early booting (durum wheat) or flowering, and also when splitting this application between stem elongation and flowering stages (bread wheat). The foliar treatments produced the highest zinc use efficiencies (6–19%) and soil applications the lowest (0.2–1.3%). Moreover, foliar treatments increased grain Zn concentrations by 12–51% while soil application increased such concentrations by only 4–13%. None of the Zn fertilization strategies altered P uptake. Conclusion: No yield increase in wheat is expected from Zn fertilization for the application methods and rates used here and the soils studied (calcareous Vertisols under Mediterranean climate). However, foliar applications at and after early booting stage are promising for durum and bread wheat biofortification.
- Subjects
SPAIN; BIOFORTIFICATION; WHEAT farming; VERTISOLS; DURUM wheat; ZINC; MEDITERRANEAN climate
- Publication
Plant & Soil, 2021, Vol 462, Issue 1/2, p125
- ISSN
0032-079X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11104-021-04863-7