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- Title
A Novel Ingestion Strategy for Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation in a Delayed-Release Form: a Randomised Crossover Study in Trained Males.
- Authors
Hilton, Nathan Philip; Leach, Nicholas Keith; Sparks, S. Andy; Gough, Lewis Anthony; Craig, Melissa May; Deb, Sanjoy Kumar; McNaughton, Lars Robert
- Abstract
Background: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a well-established nutritional ergogenic aid, though gastrointestinal (GI) distress is a common side-effect. Delayed-release NaHCO3 may alleviate GI symptoms and enhance bicarbonate bioavailability following oral ingestion, although this has yet to be confirmed.Methods: In a randomised crossover design, pharmacokinetic responses and acid-base status were compared following two forms of NaHCO3, as were GI symptoms. Twelve trained healthy males (mean ± SD age 25.8 ± 4.5 years, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) 58.9 ± 10.9 mL kg min−1, height 1.8 ± 0.1 m, body mass 82.3 ± 11.1 kg, fat-free mass 72.3 ± 10.0 kg) underwent a control (CON) condition and two experimental conditions: 300 mg kg−1 body mass NaHCO3 ingested as an aqueous solution (SOL) and encased in delayed-release capsules (CAP). Blood bicarbonate concentration, pH and base excess (BE) were measured in all conditions over 180 min, as were subjective GI symptom scores.Results: Incidences of GI symptoms and overall severity were significantly lower (mean difference = 45.1%, P < 0.0005 and 47.5%, P < 0.0005 for incidences and severity, respectively) with the CAP than with the SOL. Symptoms displayed increases at 40 to 80 min post-ingestion with the SOL that were negated with CAP (P < 0.05). Time to reach peak bicarbonate concentration, pH and BE were significantly longer with CAP than with the SOL.Conclusions: In summary, CAP can mitigate GI symptoms induced with SOL and should be ingested earlier to induce similar acid-base changes. Furthermore, CAP may be more ergogenic in those who experience severe GI distress with SOL, although this warrants further investigation.
- Subjects
SODIUM bicarbonate; PHARMACOKINETICS; BICARBONATE ions; EXERCISE-induced anaphylaxis; ACID-base equilibrium; GASTROINTESTINAL disease prevention; STATURE; STATISTICAL power analysis; BODY weight; ANALYSIS of variance; ORAL drug administration; OXYGEN consumption; EFFECT sizes (Statistics); GASTROINTESTINAL diseases; HEALTH outcome assessment; DIETARY supplements; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; T-test (Statistics); REPEATED measures design; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; STATISTICAL sampling; CROSSOVER trials; ERGOMETRY; DATA analysis software
- Publication
Sports Medicine - Open, 2019, Vol 5, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2199-1170
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s40798-019-0177-0