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- Title
Membrane pathology and microglial activation of mice expressing membrane anchored or membrane released forms of Aβ and mutated human Alzheimer's precursor protein ( APP).
- Authors
Jeffrey, Martin; McGovern, Gillian; Barron, Rona; Baumann, Frank
- Abstract
Aims Alzheimer's disease and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases accumulate misfolded and aggregated forms of neuronal cell membrane proteins. Distinctive membrane lesions caused by the accumulation of disease-associated prion protein ( PrPd) are found in prion disease but morphological changes of membranes are not associated with Aβ in Alzheimer's disease. Membrane changes occur in all prion diseases where PrPd is attached to cell membranes by a glycosyl-phosphoinositol ( GPI) anchor but are absent from transgenic mice expressing anchorless PrPd. Here we investigate whether GPI membrane attached Aβ may also cause prion-like membrane lesions. Methods We used immunogold electron microscopy to determine the localization and pathology of Aβ accumulation in groups of transgenic mice expressing anchored or unanchored forms of Aβ or mutated human Alzheimer's precursor protein. Results GPI attached Aβ did not replicate the membrane lesions of PrPd. However, as with PrPd in prion disease, Aβ peptides derived from each transgenic mouse line initially accumulated on morphologically normal neurite membranes, elicited rapid glial recognition and neurite Aβ was transferred to attenuated microglial and astrocytic processes. Conclusions GPI attachment of misfolded membrane proteins is insufficient to cause prion-like membrane lesions. Prion disease and murine Aβ amyloidosis both accumulate misfolded monomeric or oligomeric membrane proteins that are recognized by glial processes and acquire such misfolded proteins prior to their accumulation in the extracellular space. In contrast to prion disease where glial cells efficiently endocytose PrPd to endolysosomes, activated microglial cells in murine Aβ amyloidosis are not as efficient phagocytes.
- Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease; CHRONIC wasting disease; CELL membranes; PROTEINS; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-kinases; ANIMAL models in research
- Publication
Neuropathology & Applied Neurobiology, 2015, Vol 41, Issue 4, p458
- ISSN
0305-1846
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/nan.12173