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- Title
Learning to Cooperate: Effects of Modeling and Direct Instruction.
- Authors
Sagotsky, Gerald; Wood-Schneider, Mary; Konop, Marian
- Abstract
Modeling and direct instruction were used to train children to choose cooperation over maladaptive competition in a game situation. 118 same-sex pairs of first- through third-grade children either viewed films showing adult models discussing and practising cooperation, received direct instructions to cooperate, or were in a control group. On an immediate assessment, pairs of children in all treatment conditions showed significantly more cooperation than the control group No differences were found between treatment groups, nor were there age trends. A generalization session was conducted 7 weeks later with new competition/cooperation games introduced by different experiments. Results indicated that both age and experimental condition were significantly related to cooperation. No generalization of training was observed for first graders. For older children, significant differences were found to persist with greater cooperation found in the treatment group than the control. Again, no differences were found among treatment groups. Results were discussed as discrepant from previous literature asserting that American children showed an irrational preference for competition. Cognitive and learning factors affecting generalization were discussed.
- Subjects
MODELING (Sculpture); DIRECT instruction; EDUCATION
- Publication
Child Development, 1981, Vol 52, Issue 3, p1037
- ISSN
0009-3920
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2307/1129109