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- Title
Genetic basis for hyper production of hyaluronic acid in natural and engineered microorganisms.
- Authors
de Oliveira, Juliana Davies; Silva Carvalho, Lucas; Vieira Gomes, Antônio Milton; Queiroz, Lúcio Rezende; Magalhães, Beatriz Simas; Parachin, Nádia Skorupa
- Abstract
Hyaluronic acid, or HA, is a rigid and linear biopolymer belonging to the class of the glycosaminoglycans, and composed of repeating units of the monosaccharides glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. HA has multiple important functions in the human body, due to its properties such as bio-compatibility, lubricity and hydrophilicity, it is widely applied in the biomedical, food, health and cosmetic fields. The growing interest in this molecule has motivated the discovery of new ways of obtaining it. Traditionally, HA has been extracted from rooster comb-like animal tissues. However, due to legislation laws HA is now being produced by bacterial fermentation using Streptococcus zooepidemicus, a natural producer of HA, despite it being a pathogenic microorganism. With the expansion of new genetic engineering technologies, the use of organisms that are non-natural producers of HA has also made it possible to obtain such a polymer. Most of the published reviews have focused on HA formulation and its effects on different body tissues, whereas very few of them describe the microbial basis of HA production. Therefore, for the first time this review has compiled the molecular and genetic bases for natural HA production in microorganisms together with the main strategies employed for heterologous production of HA.
- Subjects
HYALURONIC acid; MICROORGANISMS; MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES; MONOSACCHARIDES; GLUCONIC acid
- Publication
Microbial Cell Factories, 2016, Vol 15, p1
- ISSN
1475-2859
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12934-016-0517-4