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- Title
Chitin oligomers promote lymphoid innate and adaptive immune cell activation.
- Authors
Maia, Ana; Cardona Gloria, Yamel; Fuchs, Katharina; Chang, Tzu-Hsuan; Engels, Pujan; Zhou, Min; Hinnenthal, Timo; Rusch, Elisa; Gouttefangeas, Cécile; Weber, Alexander N R
- Abstract
Chitin is a highly abundant N-acetylglucosamine polysaccharide that has been linked to immune responses in the context of fungal infections and allergic asthma, especially to T helper 2 immune responses. Unfortunately, due to the frequent use of crude chitin preparations of unknown purity and degree of polymerization, there is still great uncertainty about how chitin activates different parts of the human immune system. We recently identified chitin oligomers of 6 N-acetylglucosamine units as the smallest immunologically active chitin motif and the innate immune receptor TLR2 as a primary chitin sensor on human and murine myeloid cells, but the response of further immune cells (e.g. lymphoid cells) to oligomeric chitin has not been investigated. Our analysis of primary human immune cells now shows that chitin oligomers activate immune responses of both innate and adaptive lymphocytes: notably, chitin oligomers activated natural killer cells but not B lymphocytes. Moreover, chitin oligomers induced maturation of dendritic cells and enabled potent CD8+ T-cell recall responses. Our results suggest that chitin oligomers not only trigger immediate innate responses in a limited range of myeloid cells but also exert critical activities across the entire human immune system. This highlights chitin oligomer immune activation as an interesting and broadly applicable potential target for both adjuvant development and therapeutic interference in chitin-mediated pathologies. Chitin oligomers are microbe-associated molecular patterns involved in TLR2-dependent fungal recognition by myeloid immune cells. Here we show that lymphoid cells, most notably natural killer cells, are also activated by oligomeric chitin. Oligomeric chitin also promotes antigen-presenting cell maturation and CD8+ T-cell recall responses. Oligomeric chitin, a novel microbe-associated molecular pattern, not only stimulates TLR2-dependent myeloid innate immune cells but also promotes lymphoid innate and adaptive immune responses.
- Subjects
CHITIN; KILLER cells; OLIGOMERS; DEGREE of polymerization; B cells
- Publication
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2023, Vol 114, Issue 2, p180
- ISSN
0741-5400
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/jleuko/qiad044