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- Title
Media Influence on Anxiety, Health Utility, and Health Beliefs Early in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic-a Survey Study.
- Authors
Greenhawt, Matthew; Kimball, Spencer; DunnGalvin, Audrey; Abrams, Elissa M.; Shaker, Marcus S.; Mosnaim, Giselle; Comberiati, Pasquale; Nekliudov, Nikita A; Blyuss, Oleg; Teufel, Martin; Munblit, Daniel
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>The psychological effects from the COVID-19 pandemic and response are poorly understood.<bold>Objective: </bold>To understand the effects of the pandemic and response on anxiety and health utility in a nationally representative sample of US adults.<bold>Design: </bold>A de-identified, cross-sectional survey was administered at the end of April 2020. Probability weights were assigned using estimates from the 2018 American Community Survey and Integrated Public Use Microdata Series Estimates.<bold>Participants: </bold>US adults 18-85 years of age with landline, texting-enabled cellphone, or internet access.<bold>Intervention: </bold>Seven split-half survey blocks of 30 questions, assessing demographics, COVID-19-related health attitudes, and standardized measures of generalized self-efficacy, anxiety, depression, personality, and generic health utility.<bold>Main Measures: </bold>State/Trait anxiety scores, EQ-5D-3L Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, and demographic predictors of these scores.<bold>Key Results: </bold>Among 4855 respondents, 56.7% checked COVID-19-related news several times daily, and 84.4% at least once daily. Only 65.7% desired SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for themselves, and 70.1% for their child. Mean state anxiety (S-anxiety) score was significantly higher than mean trait anxiety (T-anxiety) score (44.9, 95%CI 43.5-46.3 vs. 41.6, 95%CI 38.7-44.5; p = 0.03), with both scores significantly higher than previously published norms. In an adjusted regression model, less frequent news viewing was associated with significantly lower S-anxiety score. Mean EQ-5D-3L VAS score for the population was significantly lower vs. established US normative data (71.4 CI 67.4-75.5, std. error 2 vs. societal mean 80, std. error 0.1; p < 0.001). EQ-5D-3L VAS score was bimodal (highest with hourly and no viewing) and significantly reduced with less media viewership in an adjusted model.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Among a nationally representative sample, there were higher S-anxiety and lower EQ-5D-3L VAS scores compared to non-pandemic normative data, indicative of a potential detrimental acute effect of the pandemic. More frequent daily media viewership was significantly associated with higher S-anxiety but also predictive of higher health utility, as measured by EQ-5D-3L VAS scores.
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic; AMERICAN Community Survey; ANXIETY; HEALTH attitudes; INTERNET access
- Publication
JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2021, Vol 36, Issue 5, p1327
- ISSN
0884-8734
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1007/s11606-020-06554-y