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- Title
The Association of Body Mass Index with COVID-19 Complications and Survival Rate at a Tertiary Hospital.
- Authors
AlBahrani, Salma; Al-Maqati, Thekra N.; Al Naam, Yaser A.; Alqahtani, Jaber S.; Alqahtani, Abdullah S.; AlRabeeah, Saad; Aldhahir, Abdulelah M.; Alkhalaf, Faisal; Alzuraiq, Hind R.; Alenezi, Maryam Hamad; Alzahrani, Amal; Bakkar, Mohanad; Albahrani, Zainab; Maawadh, Rawan M.
- Abstract
A high body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for coronavirus infection in hospitalized patients. Our study examined the association between BMI and complications and the survival rate among COVID-19 patients. This retrospective analysis used data from a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia during two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 600 participants, with the majority being between 41 and 60 years old (41.3%) and men comprising 63.5% of the sample. Approximately 42.5% of patients were obese, and 31.3% were overweight. The results showed that BMI was significantly linked to respiratory diseases (p = 0.013); end-stage renal disease (p = 0.021); and cardiovascular disease (p = 0.003) but not diabetes mellitus (p = 0.064). Death occurred in 10.8% of patients; 33.8% were admitted to the ICU; 13.8% needed mechanical ventilation; and 60.7% had lung infiltration. Obese patients with oxygen saturation levels below 93% were 2.45 times more likely to require mechanical ventilation than those in the normal-weight group. Overweight and obese patients were also more likely to require mechanical ventilation than normal-weight patients, with odds ratios of 3.66 and 2.81, respectively. The BMI categorized was not associated with survival rate in COVID-19-hospitalized patients using Kaplan-Meier survival plots (p = 0.061). However, the BMI categorized was associated with survival rate in COVID-19 ICU patients (p < 0.001). In addition, the overweight showed a statistically significant higher hazard ratio of 2.22 (p = 0.01) compared to normal-weight patients using a Cox regression model. A high BMI was identified as an independent risk factor for reduced oxygen saturation (<93%), the need for mechanical ventilation, lung infiltration, mortality, and longer ICU stays in COVID-19 patients.
- Subjects
SAUDI Arabia; BODY mass index; SURVIVAL rate; COVID-19 pandemic; RATINGS of hospitals; COVID-19; POSITIVE pressure ventilation
- Publication
Life (2075-1729), 2023, Vol 13, Issue 7, p1572
- ISSN
2075-1729
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/life13071572