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- Title
Low Household Income Status and Death from Pneumonia in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Study.
- Authors
You-Bin Lee; So Hee Park; Kyu-na Lee; Bongsung Kim; So Yoon Kwon; Jiyun Park; Gyuri Kim; Sang-Man Jin; Kyu Yeon Hur; Kyungdo Han; Jae Hyeon Kim
- Abstract
Background: We explored the risk of death from pneumonia according to cumulative duration in low household income state (LHIS) among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Using Korean National Health Insurance Service data (2002 to 2018), the hazards of mortality from pneumonia were analyzed according to duration in LHIS (being registered to Medical Aid) during the 5 years before baseline (0, 1-4, and 5 years) among adults with T2DM who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2012 (n=2,503,581). Hazards of outcomes were also compared in six groups categorized by insulin use and duration in LHIS. Results: During a median 7.18 years, 12,245 deaths from pneumonia occurred. Individuals who had been exposed to LHIS had higher hazards of death from pneumonia in a dose-response manner (hazard ratio [HR], 1.726; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.568 to 1.899 and HR, 4.686; 95% CI, 3.948 to 5.562 in those exposed for 1-4 and 5 years, respectively) compared to the non-exposed reference. Insulin users exposed for 5 years to LHIS exhibited the highest outcome hazard among six groups categorized by insulin use and duration in LHIS. Conclusion: Among adults with T2DM, cumulative duration in LHIS may predict increased risks of mortality from pneumonia in a graded dose-response manner. Insulin users with the longest duration in LHIS might be the group most vulnerable to death from pneumonia among adults with T2DM.
- Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes; INCOME; NATIONAL health insurance; PNEUMONIA; INSULIN therapy
- Publication
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 2023, Vol 47, Issue 5, p682
- ISSN
2233-6079
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.4093/dmj.2022.0184