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- Title
Mediterranean Diet for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: An Updated Systematic Review.
- Authors
Laffond, Ana; Rivera-Picón, Cristina; Rodríguez-Muñoz, Pedro Manuel; Juárez-Vela, Raúl; Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernández, Regina; Navas-Echazarreta, Noelia; Sánchez-González, Juan Luis
- Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are currently the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with coronary heart disease being the primary cause. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been highlighted for its potential in providing greater protection against CVDs. This study aims to present an updated systematic review that examines the impact of MD on mortality and CVDs, both in the general population and in patients with a prior CVD, while also considering the potential influence of gender. We conducted a systematic review. After the selection process, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings from these studies consistently demonstrate that higher adherence to the MD is associated with a reduced risk of overall mortality, both in the general population and in patients with previous CVDs. Moreover, evidence suggests that following this dietary pattern likely decreases the risk of CVDs such as heart attacks, various types of coronary artery disease, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. While some studies have identified differences in the benefits of the MD between men and women, it is important to note that these disparities may be attributed to lower event rates and a generally lower cardiovascular risk profile in women. Thus, the observed variations in outcomes should be interpreted in the context of these factors. Adherence to the MD has the potential to improve survival rates and reduce the risk of CVDs in both the general population and individuals with a prior CVD. Further research is needed to explore the specific mechanisms underlying the protective effects of this dietary pattern and to better understand the role gender-related differences in its outcomes. Nevertheless, promoting the adoption of the MD could be an effective strategy for mitigating the burden of CVDs globally.
- Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention; MORTALITY prevention; MORTALITY risk factors; CARDIOVASCULAR disease related mortality; MEDITERRANEAN diet; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors; EVALUATION of medical care; SYSTEMATIC reviews; FOOD consumption; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases; PREVENTIVE health services; DISEASE relapse; SEX distribution; HEALTH behavior; PATIENT compliance; HEALTH equity; HEALTH promotion
- Publication
Nutrients, 2023, Vol 15, Issue 15, p3356
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu15153356