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- Title
Characterization of cellulose microfibrils, cellulose molecules, and hemicelluloses in buckwheat and rice husks.
- Authors
Nakamura, Yasutaka; Ono, Yuko; Saito, Tsuguyuki; Isogai, Akira
- Abstract
Holocelluloses, TEMPO-oxidized holocelluloses, and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils were prepared from buckwheat and rice husks to characterize the cellulose microfibril morphologies and holocellulose molar masses. The buckwheat and rice husks had ash contents of 0.8% and 23%, respectively. All TEMPO-oxidized holocelluloses had cellulose I crystal structures. TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils prepared from the two husks were both ~ 3 nm wide. As significant amounts of xylan remained in the TEMPO-oxidized buckwheat and rice husk holocelluloses, the TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils prepared from them by mechanical disintegration in water gave yields as low as 14–17% (based on dry weight of dewaxed husk samples). Atomic force microscopy images of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils prepared from buckwheat husks showed that individual nanofibrils with widths of ~ 3 nm were quite flexible, while nanofibril bundles had rigid and needle-like morphologies. Rice husks had a high ash content, with part of the ash remaining in the corresponding holocellulose, TEMPO-oxidized holocellulose, and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils. Never-dried buckwheat husk cellulose (prepared by removal of hemicelluloses from holocellulose) and oven-dried buckwheat husk holocellulose containing a significant amount of hemicelluloses had leveling-off degrees of polymerization (DPs) of 650 and 810, respectively, after dilute acid hydrolysis. In contrast, oven-dried buckwheat husk cellulose had a leveling-off DP of 270.
- Subjects
BUCKWHEAT; RICE hulls; HEMICELLULOSE; CELLULOSE; MICROFIBRILS; ATOMIC force microscopy; MOLAR mass
- Publication
Cellulose, 2019, Vol 26, Issue 11, p6529
- ISSN
0969-0239
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10570-019-02560-4