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- Title
Panax notoginseng Inhibits Tumor Growth through Activating Macrophage to M1 Polarization.
- Authors
Kim, Bosung; Kim, Eun-Yeong; Lee, Eun-Ji; Han, Jung Ho; Kwak, Chung-Hwan; Jung, Yeon-Seop; Lee, Syng-Ook; Chung, Tae-Wook; Ha, Ki-Tae
- Abstract
Among the herbal ingredients of HangAmDan-B, a medicinal formula that redirects macrophages to become tumoricidal effectors, we found that Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen is the active component responsible for its macrophage-mediated antitumor activity. The water extracted roots of P. notoginseng (PN) did not affect the viability of RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cells and murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells up to a concentration of 100 μ g/mL. However, the transfer of culture media from PN-treated RAW264.7 cells suppressed the growth of LLC cells. The expression of classically activated (M1) markers, such as interleukin (IL)-1 β , monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α , and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), was increased by PN treatment. The expression of alternatively activated (M2) markers including CD206, IL-10, and β - N -acetylhexosaminidases (YM-1) was reduced by PN treatment in the presence of IL-4. Flow cytometry also revealed that PN drives M1 activation of RAW264.7 cells. The transfer of culture media from PN-treated RAW264.7 cells induced the apoptosis of LLC cells as measured by flow cytometry using Annexin-V staining and western blot analysis for caspase cascade-related proteins. In addition, the results from in vivo tumor allograft model demonstrated that PN reduced both tumor volume and weight. The activation of macrophages toward an M1 phenotype was confirmed in the tumor allograft tumor model. These results collectively show that PN can serve as a potent anticancer agent through reeducation of macrophages toward an M1 phenotype.
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of ginseng; ANTINEOPLASTIC agents; APOPTOSIS; CELL culture; CELL lines; CHEMOKINES; CULTURE media (Biology); FLOW cytometry; GINSENG; HIGH performance liquid chromatography; INTERLEUKINS; LUNG tumors; MACROPHAGES; MICE; MICROSCOPY; POLYMERASE chain reaction; STATISTICS; T-test (Statistics); TUMOR necrosis factors; WESTERN immunoblotting; NITRIC-oxide synthases; DATA analysis; REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; DATA analysis software; CELL survival; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ONE-way analysis of variance; IN vivo studies
- Publication
American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2018, Vol 46, Issue 6, p1369
- ISSN
0192-415X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1142/S0192415X18500726