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- Title
High Yield Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nano-Scale Zirconia and YTZP.
- Authors
Szepesi, Christopher J.; Adair, James H.; Chan, H.
- Abstract
Many techniques exist to synthesize zirconia and YTZP with a nano-scale particle size, but a recently developed hydrothermal precipitation procedure has shown promise in producing high-yield quantities of well-dispersed 8-10 nm zirconia and YTZP. Using bicine as a complexing agent, a homogeneous solution of zirconyl nitrate and yttrium nitrate is formed; after hydrothermal treatment, 8-10 nm tetragonal zirconia or YTZP particles are precipitated. With the modified hydrothermal procedure, powder yield was increased to 100 g of powder per liter of reactant solution without significantly changing the powder characteristics. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to verify that the tetragonal phase was formed in the 1 YTZP composition. Complementary particle size measurements were made using dynamic light scattering, BET nitrogen adsorption, and X-ray diffraction; differences in measured particle size are discussed, and all three techniques verify the 8-10 nm particle diameter. Particle morphology and impurity content were measured with transmission electron spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence, respectively. To overcome the increased likelihood of agglomeration that accompanies the increased synthesis, wash solutions of deionized water, bicine, and oxalic acid were compared, and the particle-particle interactions of nano- YTZP in these wash solutions and in ethanol are modeled with modified DLVO theory. The results show that yttria leaching is prevented and dispersion is promoted by laundering with a solution of oxalic acid and dispersing into deionized water, both adjusted to a pH value of 9.
- Subjects
HYDROTHERMAL deposits; NANOCHEMISTRY; ZIRCONIUM oxide; YTTRIUM; RAMAN spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction
- Publication
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2011, Vol 94, Issue 12, p4239
- ISSN
0002-7820
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04806.x