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- Title
Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), an outer membrane vesicle‐based vaccine platform, for efficient viral antigen delivery.
- Authors
Hu, Kai; Palmieri, Elena; Samnuan, Karnyart; Ricchetti, Beatrice; Oldrini, Davide; McKay, Paul F.; Wu, Guanghui; Thorne, Leigh; Fooks, Anthony R.; McElhinney, Lorraine M.; Goharriz, Hooman; Golding, Megan; Shattock, Robin J.; Micoli, Francesca
- Abstract
Vaccine platforms enable fast development, testing, and manufacture of more affordable vaccines. Here, we evaluated Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) generated by genetically modified Gram‐negative bacteria, as a vaccine platform for viral pathogens. Influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA), either physically mixed with GMMA (HA+STmGMMA mix), or covalently linked to GMMA surface (HA‐STmGMMA conjugate), significantly increased antigen‐specific humoral and cellular responses, with HA‐STmGMMA conjugate inducing further enhancement than HA+STmGMMA mix. HA‐STmGMMA conjugate protected mice from lethal challenge. The versatility for this platform was confirmed by conjugation of rabies glycoprotein (RABVG) onto GMMA through the same method. RABVG+STmGMMA mix and RABVG‐STmGMMA conjugate exhibited similar humoral and cellular response patterns and protection efficacy as the HA formulations, indicating relatively consistent responses for different vaccines based on the GMMA platform. Comparing to soluble protein, GMMA was more efficiently taken up in vivo and exhibited a B‐cell preferential uptake in the draining lymph nodes (LNs). Together, GMMA enhances immunity against viral antigens, and the platform works well with different antigens while retaining similar immunomodulatory patterns. The findings of our study imply the great potential of GMMA‐based vaccine platform also against viral infectious diseases.
- Subjects
VIRAL antigens; EXTRACELLULAR vesicles; INFLUENZA; ANTIGENS; VIRUS diseases; VACCINE effectiveness; PLANT viruses; VACCINES; PLANT protection
- Publication
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2022, Vol 11, Issue 11, p1
- ISSN
2001-3078
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/jev2.12247