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- Title
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Status New Zealand children.
- Authors
Green, T. J.; Skeaff, C. M.; Rockell, J. E. P.; Taylor, J. R.; Whiting, S. J.
- Abstract
Background - New Zealand children may be at risk for poor vitamin D status due to low vitamin D intakes, decreased sun exposure, and the country's location (35-46°S). Further, Mäori and Pacific Children may be at greater risk because of their darker skin. Objective - To determine 25-hydroxyvitamin vitamin D concentrations in New Zealand children (5-14 y) who participated in the 2002 National Children's Nutrition Survey. Design - The survey aimed to recruit 3000 participants with 1000 children each of Mäori, Pacific, and New Zealand European and other (NZEO) ethnicity. The nationally representative sample was recruited using a two-stage process involving random selection of schools followed by random selection of children within each school. Serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured using a radioimmunoassay kit (DiaSorin, MN). Results - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration [mean (95%CI)] in Mäori children (n=485) was 44 (39 to 48) nmol/L; in Pacific children (n=675) it was 37 (32 to 42); and in NZEO (n=499) it was 53 (48 to 58). Pacific females 11-14 y (n=160) were the group with the lowest serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, 32 (26 to 38) nmol/L. The prevalence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency (<17.5 nmol/L) was 5% (3 to 10) amongst Mäori children, 8% (6 to 12) amongst Pacific children, and 3% (1 to 5) amongst NZEO children. The prevalence of insufficiency (<37.5 nmol/L) was 41% (32 to 50) amongst Mäori children, 59% (46 to 70) amongst Pacific children, and 25% (18 to 33) amongst NZEO children. Multiple regression analysis revealed that vitamin D concentration was lower in the winter [38 (35, 41) nmol/L)] than summer [53 (49, 57) nmol/L)], lower in females [42 (39, 44) nmol/L)] than males [47 (44, 49) nmol/L)], was highest in NZEO [53 (50, 57) nmol/L)] followed by Mäori [44 (41, 48) nmol/L)] and lowest in Pacific Children [37 (35, 40) nmol/L)]. Conclusion - Ethnicity and season are major determinants of serum vitamin D status in New Zealand children. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in New Zealand children are lower than in countries of similar latitude where vitamin D fortified foods are consumed. The potential consequences of this lower vitamin D status, particularly amongst Pacific children, are not clear but should be investigated.
- Subjects
NEW Zealand; SERUM; VITAMIN D; CHILD nutrition; ENRICHED foods; ETHNICITY
- Publication
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004, Vol 13, pS46
- ISSN
0964-7058
- Publication type
Article