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- Title
Transforming growth factor-β 'reprograms' the differentiation of T helper 2 cells and promotes an interleukin 9–producing subset.
- Authors
Veldhoen, Marc; Uyttenhove, Catherine; van Snick, Jacques; Helmby, Helena; Westendorf, Astrid; Buer, Jan; Martin, Bruno; Wilhelm, Christoph; Stockinger, Brigitta
- Abstract
Since the discovery of T helper type 1 and type 2 effector T cell subsets 20 years ago, inducible regulatory T cells and interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing T helper cells have been added to the 'portfolio' of helper T cells. It is unclear how many more effector T cell subsets there may be and to what degree their characteristics are fixed or flexible. Here we show that transforming growth factor-β, a cytokine at the center of the differentiation of IL-17-producing T helper cells and inducible regulatory T cells, 'reprograms' T helper type 2 cells to lose their characteristic profile and switch to IL-9 secretion or, in combination with IL-4, drives the differentiation of 'TH-9' cells directly. Thus, transforming growth factor-β constitutes a regulatory 'switch' that in combination with other cytokines can 'reprogram' effector T cell differentiation along different pathways.
- Publication
Nature Immunology, 2008, Vol 9, Issue 12, p1341
- ISSN
1529-2908
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/ni.1659